Zürcher Nachrichten - Inside China's buzzing AI scene year after DeepSeek shock

The January 2025 release of a low-cost generative AI model from DeepSeek that performed at a similar level to ChatGPT and other top American chatbots upended assumptions of US dominance in the sensitive sector.

The breakthrough has galvanised China's AI scene, despite hurdles posed by rivalry with the United States, and fears of a global market bubble.

"It gave a lot of people confidence" that China's AI community previously lacked, Wu told AFP.

His venture DeepWisdom, whose flagship product is a platform for AI-powered software development, had struggled to stay afloat despite its popularity among programmers.

But as excitement around DeepSeek fuelled a boom in spending, Wu raised 220 million yuan in two funding rounds.

Meanwhile, Shi Yaqiong and her team at Beijing-based Jinqiu Capital have closed deals with more than 50 AI firms over the past 12 months.

Shi, the fund's vice-president, described a "clear surge" in enthusiasm around Chinese AI and competition among investors since the DeepSeek shock.

"The kind of projects with an initial valuation in 2024 of $10-20 million were, in 2025, expected to have initial valuations around $20-40 million," she said.

- Engineer dividend -

Shares in two leading Chinese AI startups, Zhipu AI and MiniMax, soared on their market debuts in Hong Kong this month.

Frenzy over the much-hyped potential of AI to change the world is driving global stocks to record highs, led by chipmakers and tech giants.

But the big-spending euphoria has sparked fears of a market crash, with many investors hyper-focused on any sign the AI bubble could burst, and questioning when new companies will become profitable.

Access to top-end chips made by US giant Nvidia is also restricted in China under White House policies designed to curb China's technological development.

But that hasn't dampened the spirits of young developers in the world's second largest economy.

At an AI networking event held on a brisk winter afternoon last week in a stylish Beijing cafe, animated discussion filled the air about the future of the fast-moving industry.

Chip export controls mean Chinese AI is more likely to be "open-source and cheap" which could make it more useful to society, said one participant, entrepreneur Li Weijia.

China is often said to enjoy an "engineer dividend" that benefits its AI sector, and talent is flocking to the field.

Online hiring platform Zhilian Zhaopin reported a 39 percent increase in applications to AI-related jobs in the first three quarters of 2025, after DeepSeek's breakout.

- 'Cost-efficient' -

"China has a huge application developer ecosystem and people are very good at building apps," Shen Qiajin, founder of ideaFlow, told AFP.

"But for a very long time, we didn't have a good cost-efficient model," he said.

That is a gap DeepSeek has now filled.

The firm began in 2023 as a side project of a data-driven hedge fund co-founded in the tech hub Hangzhou by Liang Wenfeng, which had access to a cache of powerful Nvidia processors.

Today, the company -- expected to release its next AI model within weeks -- holds four percent of global market share for chatbots, according to web traffic analysis company Similarweb.

ChatGPT dominates at 68 percent while Google's Gemini is catching up at 18 percent, Similarweb estimates.

DeepSeek's decision to make its systems' inner workings public, in contrast to the closed AI models sold by OpenAI and other Western rivals, has boosted adoption of its tools by developers and businesses, Neil Shah at Counterpoint Research said.

Its tools have had "strong adoption in cost-sensitive emerging markets", he said.

But in the West users are more cautious, "primarily on account of privacy and national security concerns".

Even so, the domestic market is huge. By June 2025, more than half a billion Chinese internet users reported having used generative AI products, according to the China Internet Network Information Center.

Entrepreneur Yang Yiwen said her parents had their first meaningful encounter with AI during last year's Chinese New Year, when they watched her use DeepSeek to plan a family trip.

"They found it quite fun," she said.

G.Kuhn--NZN