Zürcher Nachrichten - Five killed by India glacial lake burst flood, 23 soldiers missing

Violent flooding from glacier lakes dammed by loose rock has become more frequent as global temperatures rise and ice melts, with scientists on Wednesday warning the deadly flood was a taste of further extreme weather events to come.

A video released by an Indian army spokesman showed a thick torrent of raging brown water sweeping down a densely forested valley in mountainous northeast Sikkim state, with roads washed away and power lines ripped down.

"Due to sudden cloud burst over Lhonak Lake in North Sikkim, a flash flood occurred in the Teesta River... 23 personnel have been reported missing and some vehicles are reported submerged under the slush," the army said in a statement. "Search operations are underway."

The Sikkim state government said at least five people had been reported killed, with three bodies recovered.

As well as the 23 soldiers, more than a dozen civilians are missing, it said.

Sikkim is close to India's border with Nepal and China and boasts a sizeable military presence.

India has been wary of China's growing military assertiveness and their 3,500-kilometre (2,200-mile) shared frontier has been a perennial source of tension, with parts of Sikkim claimed by Beijing.

- 'Catastrophic' -

The water surge was caused by a burst of the high-altitude Lhonak Lake -- which sits at the base of a glacier in peaks surrounding the world's third-highest mountain, Kangchenjunga.

A wall of water powered downstream, adding to a river already swollen by monsoon rains, damaging a dam and sweeping houses and bridges in its path and causing "serious destruction", the government said.

Lhonak Lake had shrunk by nearly two-thirds in size overnight, an area roughly equivalent to about 150 football pitches (105 hectares), satellite photographs released by the Indian Space Research Organisation showed.

Sikkim Chief Minister Prem Singh Tamang said emergency services were working to support those impacted by the ferocious floods and urged people to "remain vigilant".

Prime Minister Narendra Modi said he "assured all possible support" for those impacted.

"Intense rain has led to this catastrophic situation in Sikkim where the rain has triggered a glacial lake outburst flood and damaged a dam, and caused loss of life", said Miriam Jackson, a scientist specialising in ice who monitors Himalayan regions.

"We observe that such extreme events increase in frequency as the climate continues to warm and takes us into unknown territory", Jackson added, in a statement from the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) research group.

Himalayan glaciers are melting faster than ever due to climate change, exposing communities to unpredictable and costly disasters, according to the Nepal-based ICIMOD.

Earth's average surface temperature has risen nearly 1.2 degrees Celsius since preindustrial times, but high-mountain regions around the world have warmed at twice that pace, climate scientists say.

The Sikkim region is also hit annually by flash floods during the monsoon rains, which begin in June and normally withdraw from the Indian subcontinent by the end of September. By October, the heaviest of the monsoon rains are usually over.

Melting glaciers add to the volume of water while unregulated construction in flood-prone areas exacerbates the damage.

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G.Kuhn--NZN